Oil burner



Jan. 19 1926.

J. H. HILDEBRANDT OIL BURNER Fi1ed May 12, 1924 2 Sheets-Shet 1 I k4 6 [5 K [/v MENTOR A TTOP/VEYS Jan. 19 192s. 1,570,487

J. H. HILDEBRANDT OIL BURNER Filed May 12, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS 6 hoga and State of Patented Jan. 19, 19 26.

To all whom it may Be it known that BRANDT, a citizen of the ing at Cleve PATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS H. HILDEBRANDT, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

O'IL BURNER;

concern:

I, JULIUS I-I. HILDE- United States, residland, in the county of Cuya Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in an Oil Burner, of which the following is a full,

clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying-drawings This invention relates to liquid fuel burners, particularly those wherein the fuel is fed by gravity while a forced draft supplies air for supporting combustion.

One of the problems presented by the 0 eration of an oil burner is the fact that t e oil'contains a gummy substance whichhas a tendency to stickto metal clog the fuel passageways.

lenr is to sup to prevent volatilization thereof, before it Another probply "the fuel in such manner as reaches the combustion chamber and thereby to prevent preignition with the consequent accumulation of carbon in the form of soot in any of the passageways or distributing chambers.

My invention contemplates the provision of an oil burner having the fuel supply so arranged tha as possible before being ejected into thecom-. bustion chamber.

t the oil is maintained as cool In this connection my invention is directed towards the provision of a fuel supply apparatus which is so arranged that the various parts are not aflected by the expansion of one part at a greater rate'than another part as a result of a difference in the degree of temperature to which the parts are subjected.

A further 'aratively small combustion s which when 4 dismantled f the usual fire door opening. In addition I provide a burner which is economical in;

consumption object of my invention is the an oil burner which maybe ace, and e readily once installed, may

through or cleansing purposes of fuel and which requires comparatively little machine work to eflect proper coord parts.

ii ation between the component and thereby to- Application filed May 12, 1924, Serial No. 712,510.

Still another object of my invention is the arrangement of means for preventing the flow of excess oil into the ash pit, in the event the flame is extinguished, while the fuel is turned on, and to so construct such means that the intense heat in the combustion chamber cannot crack or break any of the parts which would interfere with the normal functioning of this automatic shut-ofl' means.

The preferred means for carrying out my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawin s and is hereinafter set forth in detail in the following description. The essential features are summarized in the claims. 1

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a portion of a furnace showing my invention installed therein; Figs. 2 and 3 are sections taken on the corresponding numbered lines in Fig. 1 ,Fig. 4 is a section taken on a plane indicated'by the line 4-4 in Fig. 6; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section taken on an enlarged scale through the lower portion of the fuel supply conduit and gig. 6 is a section taken on the line 66 in furnace, the walls of which are indicated at 10, and the base of which is illustrated at 11. A grate 12 is disposed across the top of the base, and representsanysuitable or convenient form of grate. An, 0 ening 13 in the base may comprise the usiia opening for the ash pit door, while an opening 14 in the furnace walls indicates an opening for a fire-box door. The burner is adapted to be positioned upon the grate and is arranged to be assembled through thefire box door opening. The conduits through which the 1 fuel and .air are conducted are preferably 90 arranged tobe led through the ash pit door opening.

The burner illustrated comprises a base 15, which rests upon the rate and supports the fuel distributing mec ianism. The base 9P5 also has a flange 17 through which spaced openings 18 extend. The top of the flange supports a member 19 which 1 forms part of an air conduit. The preferred manner of supporting the conduit is as shown in Fig. 6 to employ shoulders 20, which are spaced in such manner as to permit the passage thereof through the openings 18 for enabling the conduit to be positioned from the bottom of the grate.

Disposed above the bafile 16, I have shown a conical baflle 21, the interior of which is hollow, as at 22, for providing a continuation of the air conduit 19. The exterior part of the baffle 21 is curved downwardly and outwardly adjacent the bottom thereof as at 23, to provide a trough or receptacle within which fuel may collect. The members 19 and 21 therefore provide an air conduit which communicates with an air supply pipe 24 and which provides a housing for the fuel supply pi, e. A'blower (not shown) is attached to t e supply pipe outside the furnace, wherefore the air functions to maintain the fuel, at a low temperature before it is distributed over the baffle 21. 4

The oil may be arranged to enter the burner from a supply pipe 25 which extends, through a gas conduit 26 and communicates with the passageway 27 in a distributor 28. From the distributor the liquid fuel flo-ws downwardly through passageways shown as p'pes 29, so'as to distribute the fuel uniforml over the surface of the bafiie 21.

I This 'stributor is supported preferably by a threaded, connection 30, one end of which extends into a boss 31 which forms part of a gas distributor 32. This distributor in turn may be threaded to receive the gas conduit 26, which as shown in Fig. 1 is maintained in proper position by means of a nut 33. Thus the gas distributor 32 and oil distributor'28 are maintained out of contact with the bafile 21 wherefore the baffle may expand at a greater rate than the comparatively cool surfaces in the regionof the distributor.

The air for supporting combustion may be led into the burner through the supply pipe 24, conduits 19and 22, from whence 1t is ejected into the furnace. The means for directing the flow of air preferably ems bodies a hood 40 shown as an inverted cupshaped member. The hood in the preferred form is supported by a spider 41 which may comprise three arms extending downwardly and outwardly from a central hub 42, and resting upon the distributor 28. A securing member 43 ma then be used for clamping the hood to t e spider. The fuel distributor, as shown in Fig. 1, is sufficiently small in diameter to permit the passage of air over and around the fuel which is flowing down the sides of the distributor. This functions to maintain the oil at a low temperature, while the moving current of air tends to prevent the accumulation of gummy deposits from the oil.

To permit automatic operation of a burner made in accordance with my invention, I have 'shown means for maintaining a pilot light in operation, notwithstanding the rush of air due to the forced draft. This pilot is operated by gas which may be lead through the conduit 26, the lower end of which terminates in a member 45. A pi e 46 may communicate with the chamber in the member 45, while a stufling box 47 prevents the escape of gas along the conduit 25. The gas thus flows upwardly and enters the distributor 32 which in the preferred form comprises hollow arms which extend out- Wardly and downwardly intermediate the oil distributing pipes 29. Thus the flame from the pilot light is directed downwardly on the conical surface of the baflie 21, wherefore such baflle can be maintained sufli-' ciently hot to insure ignition when the oil is turned on.

To provide an automatic shut-ofi in the event'the oil flame is extinguished while the fuel is turned on, I provide a groove 50 in the upper surface of the base 15 from which a conduit 51 extends into an overflow receptacle' 52. This receptacle communicates with an automatic shut-off valve (not shown). To permit excess fuel to enter the groove or receptacle 50 I have shown the flange 17 on the-base as extending above a flange 54 on the baflle 15. Moreover, I have shown the outer edge of the bafiie 16 as being higher than the top surface of the flange 54 wherefore fuel will overflow into the receptacle 50 rather than over the outer edge of the baffle. To permit free assage of fuel through the receptacle, the lameter of the.

flange 54 is greater than that of the flange 17 as shown particularly in Fig. 1. The

excess fuel enters the dish-shaped baffle 16 by flowing over the edges of the receptacle 23 and then underneath the conical baflie.

An important advantage of utilizing the base as a collector for excess fuel is that refractory material such as fire brick may be placed over the dish-shaped baflie, wherefore the base is at no time subjected to a high degree of heat suflicient to crack or warp the upper surface thereof and thereby to permit the escape of fuel into the ashpit. Moreover, the use of the base as a collector is advantageous since the function thereof is not destroyed, even though the dishshaped bafiie is cracked or broken.

To insurecirculation of air in the upper region of the hood, 'I have shown a plurality of spaced openings 55 which extend upwar y through the distributor 28 and thereby permit some of the air flowing out of the conduit 22 to pass through the distributor, and then downwardly between the wai'dly through the grate in such manner that the In s 20 pass through the openings 18 III the ange 17. When the lugs are at the top of the flange, the conduit is rotated with reference to the baseso that the lugs occupy the position shown in Figs. Land 6. Thereupon, the concentric conduits 25 and 26 may be passed through the fire door openmg and then through the conduit 19 until the nut 33 engages the pad 56 show'nin Fig 1. Then the distributor 28 which has prev ously been provided with pipes 29 and distributor 32 is placed over the upper end of the fuel andgas supply conduit, whereupon these pipes may be turned to effect connection with the gas distributor. Ac-

cess to the pipe for turning purposes may be had through the ash pit door opening. After this adjustment is effected, then the spider 41 is placed over the oil distributor whereupon the hood is brought into engagement with the latter .and attached thereto. Connections for the air, gas and oil are then made in the usual Way. J

In view of the foregoing description it will be evident that my inventionprovides means for supplying fuel to the burner in such manner that the fuel is maintained at low temperature until it'is ejected into the combustion zone. This prevents volatiliza-' tion of the oil ,and subsequent deposits of carbon Within the burner before the oil isignited. Moreover, the parts which are subjected to the intensive heat of the flame, are remote'from the receptacle which collects the overflow and conducts it to a shut-off mechanism. In this connection my invention embodies a burner, the parts of which;

may be readily assembled with comparatively little machine work being required to insure proper coordination.

I claim:

1. In an oil burner, the combination with an air supply conduit of a fuel supplyconduit disposed therein, a fuel distributor'associated with said fuel supply conduit, a

hood surrounding said distributor and terminating below the bottom thereof, said distributor having an upwardly facing surface and having openings therethrough whereby some of the air flowing through the conduit may pass upwardly through the distributor and said hood functioning to deflect some of the air downwardly and over the face of the distributor, a baflie beneath the hood for directing a mixture. of fuel and air outwardly, and an overflow conduit lead ing from the burner beneath the baflle.

2. In an oil burner, the combination with an air supply pipe of .a liquid fuel supply conduit and; a gas supply conduit disposed within the pipe, a distributor associated with each conduit, each of saiddistributors having spaced passageways leading doWnwardly, a member surrounding said distributors and being in spaced relation thereto, whereby air may pass upwardly through the pipe and then downwardly across the face of one of the distributors and whereby partof the air may flow through some of the passageways and part may flow between the distributors. and said members.

3. In an oil burner, the combination with a base having a flange adjacent the midportion thereof, an air conduit having a shoulder engaging the flange, a dish-shaped baflie supported on the base in such manner that the inner top edge or the baflie is dlSPOSGd beneath the top of the flange, a conical baffle disposed above the first mentioned baffle, a fuel conduit within the air pipe, a distributor connected t0 the conduit above the upper baflle, means for deflecting air downwardly over the distributor and then over said baflle and an overflow conduit. leading from the base.

4. In an oil burner, the combination with an upwardly extending air pipe, of a gasconduit and a'liquid fuel conduit, extending through the pipe, one of said conduits surrounding the other, a distributor communicating with the fuel conduit, a plurality of passageways extending downwardly from.

the distributor, a membeij extending laterally from the gas conduit and leading downwardly in the same general direction as said passagewa s, and means fordeflecting a mixture 0 fuel and air in the same general direction as the flow of gas.

' 5. In an oil burner, the combination with an air pipe, of a gas conduit disposed within the pipe. and supported adjacent the bottom thereof, a gasdistributor communicating with the pipe and comprising spaced arms extending laterally' and,downwardly whereby as is ejected downwardly over the sides of ti tending through the gas conduit, a fuel distributor communicating with the fuel supply pipe over Ways leading utor, and means for deflecting air downwardly over said distributor.

6. In an oil burner, the combination with a base, of a baflle disposed thereabove, an air supply conduit extending through the base and baflle, a gas conduit extending through the air pipe, a liquid fuel supply conduit exe air pipe, a fuelsupply pipe exthe air pipe, spaced passagedownwardly from the distribtending through the gas conduit, :1 distriband means for so connecting the air pipe utor communicating with the gas conduit andone of the conduits that the weight of 10 above the baflle and out of contact therewith, the distributor and deflecting means 1s cara second distributor connected with the fuel ried by the air pipe independently of said 5 conduit and carried by the first mentioned bafliedistributor, a hood surrounding both dis- In testimony whereof, I hereunto afiix my trihutors and serving to deflect the combusgnature. 'tible mixtures downwardly over said bafiie, v JULIUS H. HILDEBRANDT. 

